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Basics: Core Concepts


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  Articles   FAQs  

How To Avoid The Most Common Stock Option Mistakes (Part 1)

Beth Walker
Avoid the mistakes others made during prior ups and downs in the stock markets. Common mistakes arise in nine different situations, including termination, mergers, financial planning, term expiration, and life events.

How To Avoid The Most Common Stock Option Mistakes (Part 2) This is premium content

Beth Walker
Avoid the errors that many people have made, including mistakes that stem from major life events and taxes.

Stock Option Fundamentals (Part 1): Know Your Goals And Terms

Marilyn Renninger
Stock options aren't just for the folks on mahogany row any more. But turning stock options into the real green stuff takes some know-how. You need to know certain features of your grant to decide when to exercise your options and sell the stock.

Stock Option Terms: What You Can Expect This is premium content

Richard Friedman
UPDATED! Get a sense of what you should, and should not, expect in the terms of your stock option grant. This survey of 300 companies in 2007 looks at trends in vesting schedules, post-termination exercise rules, and other plan features (includes some details on restricted stock grants).

How Does Your Company's Stock Plan Compare? (Part 1) This is premium content

Kate Victory
UPDATED! How typical are your grants of stock options or restricted stock? Compare their terms and provisions with the results of the NASPP's Domestic Stock Plan Design & Administration Survey.

How Does Your Company's Stock Plan Compare?
(Part 2)
This is premium content

Kate Victory
UPDATED! It's hard to find comparative data on grants of stock options and restricted stock. The NASPP's Domestic Stock Plan Design & Administration Survey includes data on grant guidelines, expiration provisions, job termination exercise rules, and M&A.

What Are My Stock Options Worth? This is premium content

Richard Friedman
Your company just gave you a stock option grant, or your existing options are underwater. You wonder: "What are my stock options worth? Are they worth anything at all?" Learn about different valuation methods, including Black-Scholes.

Stockbrokers' Secrets (Part 1): What I Tell My Best Clients About Stock Option Strategy

W.E.B. Bantling
My clients want to exercise options shortly after they vest for a significant purchase, like a fancy boat or a sports car. The most expensive boat or car I can imagine is the one bought with your just-vested options. Tips I tell clients include not exercising too soon or waiting too long.

Stock-Option Basics

Sue Stevens
Morningstar.com
Stock-option fundamentals, including terms, types of options, and basic strategies, along with a checklist of core issues. (Registration is required.)

Sunk By Options

Russ Banham
Journal of Accountancy
Although stock options are no longer perceived as the quick path to riches, they still can be a powerful wealthbuilder when you avoid tax catastrophes. In order to maximize their value, don't be blissfully ignorant of the perils of stock options.

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What is a stock option?

Generally, a stock option is a right that a corporation grants...

What is restricted stock? Does it differ from restricted securities?

Restricted stock refers to outright grants of company stock to employees or other service providers. It is "restricted" because...

NEW! Do you have a simple chart that compares the tax treatment of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and ESPPs?

The chart below gives the types of taxes, and when they are triggered, for various forms of equity compensation granted in the United States...

Why do companies grant stock options and other equity awards? How many people have them?

A company may make these grants for a variety of reasons. Surveys show that...

Can limited liability companies make stock grants? This is premium content

Limited liability companies (LLCs) have membership interests and not stock. Therefore, LLCs cannot grant stock options, restricted stock, or any direct rights to shares. However, they can give...

Why doesn't my employer offer me stock options or another type of equity compensation?

If your employer is a for-profit corporation, it probably can offer stock options or other types of equity compensation to its employees. There may, however, be many reasons why your employer is not offering stock grants...

Are there any limitations on my company's discretion in granting stock options and/or restricted stock? This is premium content

Almost none, assuming the legal and other technical formalities are followed in creating...

What is a stock plan?

A stock plan is a formal document that contains the general rules of operation that are common to all...

What are the important documents I need to understand a stock plan? This is premium content

Carefully read and comprehend both the stock plan itself and other materials your company gives you or posts on a website. You should look at the following...

Are different types of stock options granted by employers?

Yes. The two main types are nonqualified stock options (NQSOs) and incentive stock options (ISOs). The names indicate their...

UPDATED! How common are stock options, restricted stock, and performance shares outside the US? Do surveys show trends? This is premium content

Consulting firms have studied the use of stock compensation in both developed and emerging economies. Stock options remain popular, but interest is growing in restricted stock/RSUs and performance shares. Among surveyed countries...

How do stock options, ESPPs, and restricted stock differ from the company stock fund or contribution offered under my 401(k) plan? This is premium content

401(k) plans are a type of broad-based, tax-qualified retirement plan funded by pre-tax contributions, unlike...

When did stock option expensing become mandatory? How does this affect and change my stock grants? This is premium content

Expensing became mandatory for calendar-year companies at the beginning of 2006. This does not change the tax treatment of your stock option grant. However, because companies take an earnings charge for the "fair value" of stock option grants on their income statements, companies may change their grant practices by reducing the number of stock options, moving to grant more...

Am I entitled to voting rights or any stock dividends paid to shareholders before I exercise? This is premium content

No. Until you exercise a stock option, you do not have the rights of a...

Will I receive a copy of my company's annual report? This is premium content

Under SEC Rule 428(b), your company is required to deliver...

What is a "nonqualified stock option"?

A nonqualified stock option, or NQSO, is a type of stock option that does not qualify for...

What is an "incentive stock option"?

An incentive stock option (ISO) is a type of stock option that qualifies for special tax treatment...

How does a Section 423 ESPP work?

Employee stock purchase plans of this type are "qualified" under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. When you enroll in the plan...

What is a vesting schedule?

A vesting schedule dictates when you may exercise your stock options or when the forfeiture restrictions lapse on restricted stock. A schedule is time-based if you must...

UPDATED! What is "capital gain"? Have recent tax laws changed the rates?

"Capital gain" is income that arises from the sale of a capital asset. Gain from the sale of securities held for investment...

What methods may be used to exercise an option?

Check your company's stock plan for the allowed methods and procedures. The most common methods involve...

Other than paying the exercise price, what else must I do to exercise an option?

The specific steps vary among companies. You usually first need to make an irrevocable election to exercise...

Are all stock options taxed the same? This is premium content

No. The taxation of your stock options depends on whether they are...

When and how is the income at exercise taxed?

The tax treatment depends on the type of stock option. This website has detailed content about tax withholding and reporting in the Tax Center, which includes annotated examples of Form W-2 and Schedule D.

What is the standard stock option term? Do options ever expire? This is premium content

Most options are granted with a 10-year term. Some have a shorter life, such as...

Once my in-the-money options vest, are they mine forever? This is premium content

No. You could lose them in any of the following ways...

How does a compensatory stock option differ from a publicly traded stock option listed in a newspaper's business section? This is premium content

Publicly traded stock options (or "call options") listed in newspapers...

What is "common stock"? This is premium content

Common stock is the form of securities issued to the vast majority of owners of a business corporation, as in an option exercise or ESPP purchase...

What is "preferred stock"? This is premium content

Preferred stock is a class of equity securities of a corporation that is given greater rights than common stock...

I have little cash. Will I still be able to take advantage of my company's stock options? This is premium content

Many companies allow...

What is the SEC?

SEC stands for the Securities and Exchange Commission. The SEC is the federal agency...

Do you have any suggestions for additional resources on stock options, equity pay, and employee ownership? This is premium content

The largest association devoted to stock-plan drafting, design, and administration...

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Featured FAQs
NEW! If my stock options are scheduled to expire on a holiday or a weekend, is the last possible exercise date before or after then? This is premium content
You need to check your stock plan's provisions and the procedures/practices followed by your company or any outside stock plan administration firm. Usually...
NEW! If I lose my job but I am then rehired, can unvested stock options be reinstated, or can the exercise period of my vested options be extended to the end of the original term?
While being rehired is great news, the bad news is that the unvested options were canceled or forfeited when you were laid off, regardless of the reason for termination. As for the vested options...
NEW! Do you have a simple chart that compares the tax treatment of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and ESPPs?
The chart below gives the types of taxes, and when they are triggered, for various forms of equity compensation granted in the United States...